![]() Accordingly, for model designersĪnd site engineers working with shale, a thorough knowledge of all these aspects is Require to be verified and included in a real model. InĪddition, bearing in mind that shale is a poroelastic material, extra parameters would To thermal gradation, shale engineering interpretation becomes more complicated. Furthermore, because of the sensitivity of chemical and mechanical properties ![]() Also, the temperature gradient between drilling fluid and shale can have anĮffect. Due to low permeability, the dominant fluid flow is conductive rather thanĬonvective. Sensitivity to water makes it possibly one of the weakest formations encountered inĭrilling. Serious problem in the petroleum, mining and civil engineering industries. Even though engineeringĪspects of shale have been studied for several decades, shale is still potentially a Instability problems in the petroleum industry occur in shale. In almost all engineeringĪctivities, whenever shale is encountered, it is treated as the most suspicious rock thatĬould cause unexpected instabilities and delays. ![]() ![]() Shale makes up about three fourths of drilled formations.
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